by Filip Scheperjans and Mariarosaria Valente, Co-Chairs of the Task Force on Nutrition in Neurology
Growing evidence suggests that brain health is tightly intertwined with gut health through the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is the community of microorganisms living in the intestine that impacts metabolism, inflammation, and neural pathways in the body and central nervous system, making it a key player in the gut-brain axis.
Low-grade, chronic neuroinflammation is now recognized as a fundamental mechanism underlying neurodegenerative diseases: the composition and function of the gut microbiota strongly influence this inflammatory state, either promoting resilience or vulnerability of the brain across the lifespan. Importantly, gut health is not fixed: it is shaped every day by our lifestyle.
In this picture, nutrition is a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, together with regular physical activity and adequate sleep. What we eat directly affects the diversity and metabolic activity of our microbiota, with downstream effects on brain function, inflammation, and long-term neurological health. For this reason, adopting dietary habits that support the microbiota represents a powerful, accessible strategy for brain health promotion.
Although associations linking specific dietary components to brain health not being clearly established yet, emerging evidence suggests that a generally balanced and varied dietary pattern is considered supportive of overall health and may be relevant to brain health. Emphasis is often placed on regular eating habits and mindful food choices, particularly a preference for minimally processed foods. Diets must include a wide range of plant-based foods and fibre, adequate protein from diverse sources, predominantly unsaturated fats and proper hydration. It is strongly recommended, instead, to avoid excessive intake of refined carbohydrates and sugars, as they are known to promote inflammation, to eliminate trans-esterified fats and to reduce red meat consumption.
Caring for our gut means caring for our brain − every day, starting from our plate.
What is Brain Awareness Week?
Brain Awareness Week (BAW) is the global campaign initiated by the Dana Foundation, to foster public enthusiasm and support for brain science. Every March, participants host imaginative activities in their communities that share the wonders of the brain, and the impact brain science has on our everyday lives.
This year, BAW takes place on 16-22 March. The European Academy of Neurology actively participates in the Brain Awareness Week with activities, events, and publications to raise awareness for neurology and brain health.
