Research

The Brain Prize is now open to researchers around the world   The Brain Prize was launched in 2011 and was awarded for the 7th time this year to Peter Dayan, Wolfram Schultz and Ray Dolan for their work on… Continue Reading

This year, The Brain Prize – the world’s most valuable prize for brain research – was awarded to Peter Dayan, Ray Dolan and Wolfram Schultz for their analysis of how the brain recognises and processes reward. The prize was presented… Continue Reading

For June 2017, we have selected: Breitenstein C, Flöel A, Ziegler W, et al., for the FCET2EC study group. Intensive speech and language therapy in patients with chronic aphasia after stroke: a randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled trial in health-care setting. Lancet Neurol 2017;389:1528-1538. Speech and language impairments are among the most disabling symptoms after a stroke. Patients with aphasia persisting 6 months (chronic aphasia) after a stroke are not infrequent (20%). Hence, the social and economic impact of chronic aphasia is substantial.

or May 2017 we have selected: Kermer P, Eschenfelder CC, Diener H-C, et al.  Antagonizing dabigatran by idarucizumab in cases of ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in Germany – A national case collection. International Journal of Stroke 2017; doi: 10.1177/1747493017701944. The use of non-vitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is increasing worldwide.

For April 2017, we have selected: Chen H, Kwong JC, Copes R, et al.  Living near major roads and the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 2017:389;718-726. Some studies have suggested that smog and noise can play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders by inducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, microglia and neuronal antibody activation.

For March 2017, we have selected: Timm FP, Houle TT, Grabitz SD, et al.  Migraine and risk of perioperative ischemic stroke and hospital readmission: hospital based registry study. BMJ 2017 Jan 10;356:i6635. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6635. A higher risk of ischemic stroke has been found in patients with migraine, especially in those with migraine with aura.

For February 2017, we have selected: Grool AM, Aglipay M., Momoli F., et al., for the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada Concussion Team.  Association between early participation in physical activity following acute concussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms in children and adolescents. JAMA 2017:316;2504-2514. Practical recommendations in the management of concussion in pediatric patients have stressed the need of physical and cognitive rest starting immediately after the injury.

For January 2017, we have selected: Patel M, Agarwal K, Arshad Q, et al. Intratympanic methylprednisolone versus gentamicin in patients with unilateral Ménière’s disease: a randomized double-blind, comparative effectiveness trial. Lancet Neurol 2016;388:2753-2762. Disabling vertigo attacks and hearing loss are characteristics of Ménière’s disease. In patients with severe and frequent vertigo spells, intratympanic injections of gentamicin have proved to be effective, but at the price of permanent vestibular damage and hearing loss.

Vansteensel et al. reported a new technique for communication that could be applied to oral-disabled patients. By implanting electrodes to read brain activity in the sensorimotor cortex, and an interface with a subcutaneous transmitter in the thorax, a patient with ALS was able to communicate wireless controlling a computer typing program.

For December 2016 we have selected: Gonzales-Bermejo J, Morélot-Panzini C, Tanguy M-L, et al.  Early diaphragm pacing in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (RespiStimALS): a randomized controlled triple-blind trial. Lancet Neurol 2016:15;1217-1227. The main cause of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is related to respiratory failure. It has been hypothesized that diaphragm pacing (a technique that induces diaphragm contraction through the stimulation of the phrenic nerve) could slow the progression of respiratory muscle weakness, and increase alveolar ventilation and lung compliance in ALS patients.

The authors developed a sensor molecule to detect serotonin, injected it into rat striatum and scanned the rodents for 2 hours in a 9.4T magnet with 200 micron in-plane resolution to track the dynamics of reuptake of serotonin and the influence of drugs.

For November 2016 we have selected: Cree BAC, Gourraud P-A, Oksenberg JR, et al. Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis disability in the treatment era. Ann Neurol 2016:80;499-510. Studies describing the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) before the availability of disease-modifying treatments have reported a progression of the disease from the relapsing-remitting form to the secondary progressive form in about 50% of patients at 19 years after the onset.

For October 2016 we have selected: Sevigny J, Chiao P, Bussiere T, et al. The antibody aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 2016;537:50-56. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. It is also extremely disabling with severe impact of the quality of life of patients and caregivers. The main pathological process is related to the toxic deposition of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. No effective treatment is currently available to slow down the disease progression.

For September 2016 we have selected: Mattle HP, Evers S, Hildick-Smith D, et al. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in migraine with aura, a randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2016:37;2029-2036. There are about 50 million people suffering from migraine in Europe. About one third of the cases has migraine with aura, that has been found more prevalent in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO).

For August 2016 we have selected: Gormley P, Anttila V, Winsvold BS, et al. Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine. Nature Genetics 2016 June 20;doi: 10.1038/ng.3598. Migraine is a worldwide common, disabling, and costly disease. Its pathophysiology has been related to either a primary vascular dysfunction or a primary neuronal dysfunction with secondary vascular involvement.