eanpages
  • General interest
    • All Executive Page Paper of the Month EAN News EAN Congress news COVID-19 Interviews
      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      On sex and gender: the exciting new world of gender neurology at EAN 2023

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Join us for the movement disorders programme at EAN 2023

      May 24, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      Executive Page Dear EAN members, dear friends, It is my pleasure to give you an update on behalf of the EAN Scientific Committee following a busy year since my appointment as chair. It has been a privilege to be so deeply involved in the scientific activities of the EAN and to work closely with an amazing community of people who are so dedicated to the advancement of neurology. One of the strongest threads within that community is the EAN’s group of Scientific Panels, which are often referred to as the organisation’s ‘scientific backbone’. The panels have a hand in everything the EAN does from a scientific point of view, including coordinating clinical research, disseminating good practice, assisting in planning the EAN annual congress, supporting the EAN’s educational efforts, and producing guidelines that assist neurologists in daily practice. All of this work requires a considerable amount of oversight, and this is why each panel is run by its own Management Group, elected by the panel members. Being a part of one of these Management Groups (PDF) is an opportunity to play a direct part in determining the direction of scientific progress within Europe, and I am excited to say that the call for applications to stand for election will be announced in September. All panel members and EAN individual members are eligible to apply to be candidates, with the vote being held among the existing panel members in autumn. I would like to urge every neurologist with a passion for the scientific future of their special area of interest to consider standing for election to the relevant Management Group and to look out for the call for applications later this month. I can tell you from personal experience that fulfilling a role such as this within the structure of the EAN is a fascinating and extremely rewarding experience. The chance to take on such a unique leadership position should not be missed! The most satisfying aspect of being involved in the EAN’s organisational structure is surely seeing all the hard work and planning come to fruition when a small idea evolves into a newly launched project. One such example is the 1st EAN Science School, taking place in Salzburg next March. The idea of the Science School is to offer early career neurologists with an interest in translational research a new avenue for learning about basic pathomechanisms of neurological disorders. Application for this very first edition, on ‘Pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system’, closed last week and we have been delighted with the level of interest. It was a pleasure to be part of the task force in charge of planning this new project and I look forward to seeing it officially transferred to the hands of the Scientific Committee after a successful event and evaluation in spring. Of our ongoing activities, one of the most significant is the EAN Neuro-covid Registry, which aims to collate epidemiological data on neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection reported by neurologists in outpatient services, emergency rooms, and hospital departments. We currently have 1,542 patients entered in the database, from 35 centres across 23 countries. So far, 29 patients have been followed for 12 months and 387 have completed the 6-months follow up. This is a decent start, but I would like to strongly encourage EAN members and their institutions to get involved and contribute cases to what will become an invaluable resource for neurologists and clinicians to improve care for Covid-19 patients. Finally, I would like share a word on a forthcoming collaboration between EAN and the Human Brain Project in December, that I think will interest a lot of EAN members. The EAN-EBRAINS joint workshop on ‘The future of medical data sharing in clinical neurosciences’ will be a three-day virtual event that aims to discuss issues and challenges associated with data sharing in Europe, from ethics to data safety and privacy, including those specific to data federation, such as the development and validation of federated algorithms. The whole workshop is completely free of charge and registration is open until 25 November, so please check out the details and sign up! I wish you all a healthy and pleasant autumn and I look forward to updating you again. Best wishes Thomas Berger Chair of the EAN Scientific Committee

      Executive Page: EAN’s scientific activities provide opportunities to both learn and contribute

      May 1, 2023

      Executive Page

      Executive Page: EAN on a Mission to advocate for brain health & neurology in 2023

      April 11, 2023

      Executive Page Head and shoulders portrait photo of Irena Rektorova, in colourful dress

      Executive Page: Leadership, mentorship and many more EAN educational opportunities

      March 13, 2023

      Executive Page

      Executive Page: Key EAN events and new projects to strengthen neurology on many levels

      February 14, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      Research Paper of the Month: Tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide MAPTRx in mild Alzheimer’s disease

      May 1, 2023

      Paper of the Month One glowing light bulb that stands out from unlit or dim lamps on a blue background

      Research Highlights of the Month – May 2023

      May 1, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      Research Paper of the Month: Association of Dementia Risk With Focal Epilepsy and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors

      April 11, 2023

      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN News

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      EAN News

      EAN Sustainability Report 2023 now online

      May 15, 2023

      EAN News

      Watch on demand: European Brain Health Summit 2023

      May 10, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      On sex and gender: the exciting new world of gender neurology at EAN 2023

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Join us for the movement disorders programme at EAN 2023

      May 24, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Activities for RRFS Members at EAN 2023

      May 4, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Literature reviews – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Cross-Sectional Case Control Studies – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Case Series/Case Reports – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Literature reviews – March 2023

      March 16, 2023

      Interviews

      Video Interview: Dementia & Cognitive Disorders Panel Co-Chairs

      September 8, 2022

      Interviews

      Video Interview: Sleep-Wake Panel Co-Chair, Dr. Evelina Pajediene

      July 28, 2022

      Interviews

      Video: EAN supports World Brain Day

      July 19, 2022

      Interviews

      Video Interview: European Journal of Neurology Award winner, Dr. Jonathan Coutinho

      July 18, 2022

  • Academic/Scientific
    • All Breaking news Neurology updates Scientific committee reports Scientific panels reports Eur J Neurol Top 10 Articles Scientific Corner
      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      EAN News

      Watch on demand: European Brain Health Summit 2023

      May 10, 2023

      Paper of the Month One glowing light bulb that stands out from unlit or dim lamps on a blue background

      Research Highlights of the Month – May 2023

      May 1, 2023

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Meta-analyses/systematic reviews – November 2022

      November 8, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Cross-Sectional Case Control Studies – November 2022

      November 8, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Miscellaneous – November 2022

      November 7, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Observational Studies – Prospective Longitudinal Cohort – November 2022

      November 7, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Performance of the 2017 and 2010 Revised McDonald Criteria in Predicting MS Diagnosis After a Clinically Isolated Syndrome – A MAGNIMS Study

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Relapse-independent disability worsening plays a relevant role in every disease phase of MS

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Epstein-Barr virus infection is a major risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Glymphatic system impairment may contribute to multiple sclerosis pathology

      September 23, 2022

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Didier Leys

      April 1, 2020

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Rigmor Hojland

      February 26, 2020

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Christian Enzinger

      December 1, 2019

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Maurizio Leone

      November 1, 2019

      Scientific panels reports

      Highlights from the World Muscle Society annual meeting, chosen by the Scientific Panel on Muscle and NMJ Disorders

      November 2, 2022

      Scientific panels reports

      Coma and DOC Panel Update (May-June): news from the EAN Virtual Congress, personalized pain assessment, NIRS-EEG and machine learning to predict outcomes, prevalence of swallowing disorders and new multimodal predictive algorithms.

      August 11, 2020

      Scientific panels reports

      Statement of the EAN Sleep-Wake-Panel

      June 3, 2020

      Scientific panels reports

      Rare Neurological Diseases in the COVID-19 era: Suggestions for information to patients and caregivers

      May 13, 2020

      Eur J Neurol

      Video Interview: European Journal of Neurology Award winner, Dr. Jonathan Coutinho

      July 18, 2022

      Eur J Neurol

      EAN NeuroCOVID-19 Task Force position paper on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among people with chronic neurological disorders

      May 2, 2022

      Eur J Neurol

      European Journal of Neurology welcomes new associate editors

      December 13, 2021

      Eur J Neurol

      New European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children

      June 30, 2021

      Top 10 Articles

      EAN is proud to announce the 2020 Virtual Master Classes Christmas Special

      November 13, 2020

      Top 10 Articles

      EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY – TOP 15 ARTICLES 2018

      February 1, 2019

      Top 10 Articles

      Interview with Prof. Patrick Cras – UEMS Section of Neurology (SN)

      February 3, 2018

      Top 10 Articles

      Interview with Mr. Bertrand Daval and Mrs. Nathalie Paulus

      February 3, 2018

      Scientific Corner graphic of a block staircase with text announcing the application deadline to the EAN's new Cost-Conscious Healthcare (CoCoCare) programme

      Training for the Future of European Guidelines: Cost-Conscious Healthcare 2023

      March 2, 2023

      Scientific Corner

      Join the EAN Guideline Workshop on 24 June!

      May 13, 2022

      Scientific Corner

      First EAN Science School proves a hit in Salzburg

      April 1, 2022

      Scientific Corner

      Invitation to the EAN-EBRAINS Joint Workshop on ‘The Future of Medical Data Sharing in Clinical Neurosciences’

      July 2, 2021

  • Educational
    • All eLearning Student Corner E-Brain Grand Rounds Resident and Research Fellows Fellowship reports Education corner
      Student Corner Photo of a sheet of paper, pencil and crumpled paper on a desk.

      EAN 2023 ‘Why Neurology?’ essay contest winners

      May 24, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Activities for RRFS Members at EAN 2023

      May 4, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Clinical Fellowship Reports 2022: Copenhagen & Dresden

      May 4, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, France

      May 4, 2023

      eLearning

      Brush up on your neuroimaging knowledge on the eanCampus!

      April 13, 2023

      eLearning

      Keep your mind sharp with free content on Brain Health through the eanCampus!

      March 13, 2023

      eLearning Illustration of two people holding an award between them and jumping in the air in a celebratory pose

      Learn with the eanCampus and win free EAN congress registration!

      January 12, 2023

      eLearning

      Kick off 2023 with highlights on the eanCampus

      January 10, 2023

      Student Corner Photo of a sheet of paper, pencil and crumpled paper on a desk.

      EAN 2023 ‘Why Neurology?’ essay contest winners

      May 24, 2023

      Student Corner Photo of a sheet of paper, pencil and crumpled paper on a desk.

      Win a travel grant for a future EAN congress with our ‘Why Neurology?’ student essay competition!

      March 10, 2023

      Student Corner Illustration of a vertical pencil point on a blue background, with a yellow light bulb above it

      Students’ Corner: What is it like to be a student on a neurology placement?

      March 10, 2023

      Student Corner

      Application for the Student Teaser Fellowship 2023 NOW OPEN

      February 1, 2023

      E-Brain

      ebrain May update: new website and podcast series

      May 1, 2021

      E-Brain

      EBRA launches 3rd call for clusters

      May 1, 2020

      E-Brain

      News from ebrain

      February 28, 2020

      E-Brain

      ebrain to host the 2019 Neurology Formative Test Questions, from 15 April to 26 May

      April 1, 2019

      Grand Rounds

      eBrain: virtual case report from Belgium

      October 2, 2017

      Grand Rounds

      Free access to Ebrain for EAN members

      July 1, 2016

      Grand Rounds

      Ebrain granted Royal College of Physicians (UK) CPD/CME accreditation

      July 1, 2016

      Grand Rounds

      ebrain session of the month: neuromuscular junction

      February 1, 2016

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Activities for RRFS Members at EAN 2023

      May 4, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Clinical Fellowship Reports 2022: Copenhagen & Dresden

      May 4, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, France

      May 4, 2023

      Resident and Research Fellows

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC

      May 4, 2023

      Fellowship reports

      Clinical Fellowship Reports 2022: Copenhagen & Dresden

      May 4, 2023

      Fellowship reports

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, France

      May 4, 2023

      Fellowship reports

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC

      May 4, 2023

      Fellowship reports

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Computational Neuroscience Group, UPF Barcelona

      May 4, 2023

      Education corner

      Clinical Fellowship Reports 2022: Copenhagen & Dresden

      May 4, 2023

      Education corner

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, France

      May 4, 2023

      Education corner

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC

      May 4, 2023

      Education corner

      Research Fellowship Report 2022 – Computational Neuroscience Group, UPF Barcelona

      May 4, 2023

  • Other News
    • All EAN Staff Grant opportunities News from EAN member societies EBC EFNA News in general Patients societies reports Surveys Forum
      EAN Staff

      EAN Head Office Profiles: Kristián & Anna

      May 2, 2023

      EAN Staff

      EAN Head Office Profiles: Antonia & Farah

      April 12, 2023

      Other News

      Alzheimer Europe supports the rights and dignity of people with dementia with three new publications

      April 10, 2023

      Other News

      Alzheimer Europe lunch debate focuses on dealing with behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia care

      April 7, 2023

      EAN Staff

      EAN Head Office Profiles: Kristián & Anna

      May 2, 2023

      EAN Staff

      EAN Head Office Profiles: Antonia & Farah

      April 12, 2023

      EAN Staff Chest-height portrait photo of a woman,

      Never say never – or my 8,752 days with neurologists

      March 20, 2023

      EAN Staff Composite image consisting of two chest-height portraits side-by-side

      EAN Head Office Profiles: Abigail & Bernadette

      March 15, 2023

      Grant opportunities

      1st EAN Science School, 26-29 March 2022: “Pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system”

      June 18, 2021

      Grant opportunities

      European Commission: Innovation and novelty in medical devices and in vitro diagnostic devices; towards common concepts of innovation-related risk assessments

      November 1, 2019

      Grant opportunities

      GBS|CIDP Foundation International 2020 Research Grant Opportunity

      October 29, 2019

      Grant opportunities

      The Clinical Fellowship application deadline is approaching

      October 1, 2019

      News from EAN member societies Black image titled "In Memoriam" in remembrance of the neurologists lost in the earthquake on 6 February 2023.

      Earthquake in Türkiye and Syria: Statement from President of Turkish Neurological Society

      February 20, 2023

      News from EAN member societies

      14 June: Special publication celebrates 10 years of the European Working Group of People with Dementia

      August 2, 2022

      News from EAN member societies

      14 June: Alzheimer Europe hosts European Parliament Lunch Debate examining EU and WHO policies on neurological conditions

      August 2, 2022

      News from EAN member societies

      22 June: Alzheimer Europe invites applications for its new Anti-Stigma Award

      August 2, 2022

      EBC

      EBC & EFPIA launch RETHINKING Alzheimer’s disease White Paper

      March 22, 2023

      EBC

      Registration and call for abstracts launched for 2023 Brain Innovation Days

      March 21, 2023

      EBC

      Connecting brains for the future: Brain Innovation Days 2022

      November 23, 2022

      EBC

      Final programme available for Brain Innovation Days – Register now!

      September 22, 2022

      EFNA

      OneNeurology European Summit underlines urgent need to prioritise neurology and drive change

      December 31, 2021

      EFNA

      EFNA launch eLearning Platform for neurology advocates

      February 1, 2021

      EFNA

      ‘Me and My Brain’ – Art Competition winners announced!

      February 1, 2021

      EFNA

      Survey on the impact of COVID-19 on neurology service delivery

      November 1, 2020

      News in general

      Registration now open for the launch event of the RETHINKING Alzheimer’s disease White Paper

      December 24, 2022

      News in general

      EAN lecture at the International Neuro-Urology Society annual congress 2022

      May 25, 2022

      News in general

      EPA-EAN Joint Symposium: ‘Etiology and Treatment of the Long Covid-19 Syndrome’ and other highlights at the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry

      May 25, 2022

      News in general

      Organise an EAN-Day or EAN Regional Teaching Course in your Country!

      May 17, 2022

      Patients societies reports

      News from Alzheimer Europe

      March 2, 2020

      Patients societies reports

      News from the WHO

      January 9, 2020

      Patients societies reports

      News from EFIC and the European Pain Forum

      January 3, 2020

      Patients societies reports

      News from EFIC and the European Pain Forum

      January 2, 2020

      Surveys

      COVID-19 and neurology: a survey of previous and continued restrictions on clinical practice, professional education and neuroeconomics

      March 3, 2023

      Surveys

      Help EAN contribute towards the development of a European Pain Research strategy

      December 5, 2022

      Surveys

      Survey: management of covert brain infarction

      October 29, 2021

      Surveys

      Driving with an intracranial tumor

      July 13, 2020

      Forum

      Call for Applications: e-Learning Platform Editor-in-Chief

      August 4, 2020

      Forum

      Neurological News from Denmark VI – the land of the 2nd EAN congress 2016: Pain Research in Denmark from a neurological perspective

      April 1, 2016

      Forum

      Neurological News from Denmark V – the land of the 2nd EAN congress 2016: Clinical Dementia Research in Denmark

      March 1, 2016

      Forum

      Updated recommendations to minimise the risk of the rare brain infection PML with Tysabri – Comment to EMA recommendation

      March 1, 2016

  • EAN
  • Congress 2023
  • EANpages
  • EAN Campus
  • Eur J Neurol
  • Virtual Congress

eanpages

  • General interest
    • All Executive Page Paper of the Month EAN News EAN Congress news COVID-19 Interviews
      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      On sex and gender: the exciting new world of gender neurology at EAN 2023

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Join us for the movement disorders programme at EAN 2023

      May 24, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      Executive Page Dear EAN members, dear friends, It is my pleasure to give you an update on behalf of the EAN Scientific Committee following a busy year since my appointment as chair. It has been a privilege to be so deeply involved in the scientific activities of the EAN and to work closely with an amazing community of people who are so dedicated to the advancement of neurology. One of the strongest threads within that community is the EAN’s group of Scientific Panels, which are often referred to as the organisation’s ‘scientific backbone’. The panels have a hand in everything the EAN does from a scientific point of view, including coordinating clinical research, disseminating good practice, assisting in planning the EAN annual congress, supporting the EAN’s educational efforts, and producing guidelines that assist neurologists in daily practice. All of this work requires a considerable amount of oversight, and this is why each panel is run by its own Management Group, elected by the panel members. Being a part of one of these Management Groups (PDF) is an opportunity to play a direct part in determining the direction of scientific progress within Europe, and I am excited to say that the call for applications to stand for election will be announced in September. All panel members and EAN individual members are eligible to apply to be candidates, with the vote being held among the existing panel members in autumn. I would like to urge every neurologist with a passion for the scientific future of their special area of interest to consider standing for election to the relevant Management Group and to look out for the call for applications later this month. I can tell you from personal experience that fulfilling a role such as this within the structure of the EAN is a fascinating and extremely rewarding experience. The chance to take on such a unique leadership position should not be missed! The most satisfying aspect of being involved in the EAN’s organisational structure is surely seeing all the hard work and planning come to fruition when a small idea evolves into a newly launched project. One such example is the 1st EAN Science School, taking place in Salzburg next March. The idea of the Science School is to offer early career neurologists with an interest in translational research a new avenue for learning about basic pathomechanisms of neurological disorders. Application for this very first edition, on ‘Pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system’, closed last week and we have been delighted with the level of interest. It was a pleasure to be part of the task force in charge of planning this new project and I look forward to seeing it officially transferred to the hands of the Scientific Committee after a successful event and evaluation in spring. Of our ongoing activities, one of the most significant is the EAN Neuro-covid Registry, which aims to collate epidemiological data on neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection reported by neurologists in outpatient services, emergency rooms, and hospital departments. We currently have 1,542 patients entered in the database, from 35 centres across 23 countries. So far, 29 patients have been followed for 12 months and 387 have completed the 6-months follow up. This is a decent start, but I would like to strongly encourage EAN members and their institutions to get involved and contribute cases to what will become an invaluable resource for neurologists and clinicians to improve care for Covid-19 patients. Finally, I would like share a word on a forthcoming collaboration between EAN and the Human Brain Project in December, that I think will interest a lot of EAN members. The EAN-EBRAINS joint workshop on ‘The future of medical data sharing in clinical neurosciences’ will be a three-day virtual event that aims to discuss issues and challenges associated with data sharing in Europe, from ethics to data safety and privacy, including those specific to data federation, such as the development and validation of federated algorithms. The whole workshop is completely free of charge and registration is open until 25 November, so please check out the details and sign up! I wish you all a healthy and pleasant autumn and I look forward to updating you again. Best wishes Thomas Berger Chair of the EAN Scientific Committee

      Executive Page: EAN’s scientific activities provide opportunities to both learn and contribute

      May 1, 2023

      Executive Page

      Executive Page: EAN on a Mission to advocate for brain health & neurology in 2023

      April 11, 2023

      Executive Page Head and shoulders portrait photo of Irena Rektorova, in colourful dress

      Executive Page: Leadership, mentorship and many more EAN educational opportunities

      March 13, 2023

      Executive Page

      Executive Page: Key EAN events and new projects to strengthen neurology on many levels

      February 14, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      Research Paper of the Month: Tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide MAPTRx in mild Alzheimer’s disease

      May 1, 2023

      Paper of the Month One glowing light bulb that stands out from unlit or dim lamps on a blue background

      Research Highlights of the Month – May 2023

      May 1, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      Research Paper of the Month: Association of Dementia Risk With Focal Epilepsy and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors

      April 11, 2023

      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN News

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      EAN News

      EAN Sustainability Report 2023 now online

      May 15, 2023

      EAN News

      Watch on demand: European Brain Health Summit 2023

      May 10, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      On sex and gender: the exciting new world of gender neurology at EAN 2023

      May 25, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Join us for the movement disorders programme at EAN 2023

      May 24, 2023

      EAN Congress news

      Activities for RRFS Members at EAN 2023

      May 4, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Literature reviews – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Cross-Sectional Case Control Studies – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Case Series/Case Reports – April 2023

      April 26, 2023

      COVID-19

      COVID-19 Research Round-Up: Literature reviews – March 2023

      March 16, 2023

      Interviews

      Video Interview: Dementia & Cognitive Disorders Panel Co-Chairs

      September 8, 2022

      Interviews

      Video Interview: Sleep-Wake Panel Co-Chair, Dr. Evelina Pajediene

      July 28, 2022

      Interviews

      Video: EAN supports World Brain Day

      July 19, 2022

      Interviews

      Video Interview: European Journal of Neurology Award winner, Dr. Jonathan Coutinho

      July 18, 2022

  • Academic/Scientific
    • All Breaking news Neurology updates Scientific committee reports Scientific panels reports Eur J Neurol Top 10 Articles Scientific Corner
      EAN News

      Take our EAN Survey on General Neurology for a chance to win free registration and accommodation for EAN 2024!

      May 25, 2023

      Paper of the Month

      One hot topic, one expert, three questions: Kristian Steen Frederiksen on our May 2023 Paper of the Month

      May 16, 2023

      EAN News

      Watch on demand: European Brain Health Summit 2023

      May 10, 2023

      Paper of the Month One glowing light bulb that stands out from unlit or dim lamps on a blue background

      Research Highlights of the Month – May 2023

      May 1, 2023

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Meta-analyses/systematic reviews – November 2022

      November 8, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Cross-Sectional Case Control Studies – November 2022

      November 8, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Miscellaneous – November 2022

      November 7, 2022

      Breaking news

      COVID-19 Breaking News: Observational Studies – Prospective Longitudinal Cohort – November 2022

      November 7, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Performance of the 2017 and 2010 Revised McDonald Criteria in Predicting MS Diagnosis After a Clinically Isolated Syndrome – A MAGNIMS Study

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Relapse-independent disability worsening plays a relevant role in every disease phase of MS

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Epstein-Barr virus infection is a major risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis

      September 26, 2022

      Neurology updates

      Glymphatic system impairment may contribute to multiple sclerosis pathology

      September 23, 2022

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Didier Leys

      April 1, 2020

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Rigmor Hojland

      February 26, 2020

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Christian Enzinger

      December 1, 2019

      Scientific committee reports

      Scientific Committee Snapshot: Maurizio Leone

      November 1, 2019

      Scientific panels reports

      Highlights from the World Muscle Society annual meeting, chosen by the Scientific Panel on Muscle and NMJ Disorders

      November 2, 2022

      Scientific panels reports

      Coma and DOC Panel Update (May-June): news from the EAN Virtual Congress, personalized pain assessment, NIRS-EEG and machine learning to predict outcomes, prevalence of swallowing disorders and new multimodal predictive algorithms.

      August 11, 2020

      Scientific panels reports

      Statement of the EAN Sleep-Wake-Panel

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Education cornerForum

Creating a good questionnaire – tips and tricks for making multiple choice questions

December 1, 2013

 by Jan Kuks

Many neurologists are most enthusiastic about educating colleagues, medical students, paramedical staff etc. This may be because education and explanation are crucial for good patient-care. Education goes closely together with testing. Exams should be fair, reliable, valid and objective. To meet the last criterion closed questions, as there are multiple choice questions, single best answer questions, true-false-questions are used. To meet the other criteria, closed questions should be well-constructed.

Even after several decades of experience it remains a challenge to produce sound examination questions. Several guidelines exist for this purpose. As a teacher and continuous medical educator, producing some hundreds of questions a year, and reviewing a couple of thousands, I made my own – still incomplete – list, derived from other guidelines and good advices from colleagues. I hope this short list may be helpful for the reader who is faced with the task of producing closed questions, for example for the CME process as currently in the EFNS and future EAN.

Terminology
A question with a couple of answers is referred to as an Item. The question may be introduced by a scenario (e.g. with a clinical vignette), which may be named as ‘Stem’. The question itself is also referred to by some authors as ‘Stem’, others name it ‘Lead-in’. The possible answers are called ‘Options’.

Closed questions are questions with a couple of answers with one correct answer and other incorrect answers (distractors or distracters). There are true/false questions with only 2 options, Single best Answer questions with 2 or more options, Extended Matching Items with pairs of options to be combined in the right way.

General recommendations
1. Make a blue print containing numbers of questions to be assigned to the various objects.
2. Let a question be valid as to relation with the learning contents. Check whether a question is really relevant to be asked to a student of a certain level.
3. Never write trick questions deliberately misleading a student.
4. Avoid the use of abbreviations; be most precise in using capitals and punctuation.
5. Always ask a second opinion on your MCQ. It is (nearly) impossible to write a perfect MCQ without intervision.

Scenario (Stem)
6. A Scenario exists only to get the student into the right context of the question. Putting information in a scenario may enable reduction of text in the question and the options. Abbreviations can be introduced and explained in the scenario. Using clinical vignettes may enhance testing clinical reasoning and higher order thinking. A scenario is useful to make a focused (which of the following statements applies for a situation as described?) instead of an unfocused question (which of the following statements is true?)
7. Keep the scenario simple and ensure that the scenario is meaningful. A clear problem should be presented. It often occurs that a question can be asked without necessity to read the stem anyway. Realize that a medical exam is not intended for testing reading abilities.
8. It is discouraged to use denials in the scenario to avoid confusion of the reader.
9. The scenario should only contain information that is true or to be accepted as being true. The question should be clearly separated from the stem, e.g. by using another font type.
10. One scenario can be used for more than one question but beware of dependency.

Question (Lead-in)
11. Try to ask a complete question which can be answered without reading the options instead of writing half a statement that should be combined with one of the options.
12. Negative words in questions should be avoided, but this may not always be possible in cases where true answers are abundant and false are exceptional (‘which of the following can NOT be used for ….’). In these cases negative words should be underlined or written in capitals.
13. Beware of double denials in the question and the various options.
14. Be sure the connection between stem and each option is grammatically correct. Do read the question with each option aloud to check whether they fit with each other.
15. Avoid inaccurate terms like mostly, generally, frequently, rarely, often etc. They are too qualitatively. Define terms as ‘chronic’, ‘long-lasting’ etc.
16. It is recommended to write MCQs in an comparative or superlative form (the best option is ….., A) is better than B).
17. If the student is requested to indicate the best answer it may be that there is an even better possible answer not mentioned in the list provided. Therefore always ask for the best option ‘… of the following ….’.
18. Avoid terms like ‘always’ and ‘never’. Statements with these qualifications seldomly can be held true in our discipline.
19. Be cautious with statements containing the word ‘can’ or ‘is possible’. Such statements are mostly correct.
20. Only ask one single question that you really want to ask. Avoid phrases like “the patient should be treated with 500mg paracetamol and 25mg phenergan”. One of both may be correct while the other is not.
21. Normative questions: “A patient should be treated with betablockers”. Who decides whether this ‘should be’? Mention a reference source: “According to the WHO guideline ……”
22. Never ask what a person should do: “Would the GP decide to prescribe aspirin?” in case the question really is: “is it opportune to prescribe aspirin?”. The student cannot know what the GP is doing and each answer is defendable because we do not know whether the actor is adequate.
23. If a text is repeated in each option, this text could be added to the lead-in to reduce the text of the separate options. (“Which of the following is the best description of perioperative complications? A perioperative complication is …”).
24. Avoid the use of the same (or a related) word in the correct option and the question (e.g. which of the following agents is most likely to cause a community acquired pneumonia? a. Klebsiella, b. Pseudomonas, c. Pneumococcus, d. Escherichia).
25. Avoid Convergence, i.e. repeating part of the correct answer in the distractors (e.g. which colours are shown in a traffic light? A. Red, green, blue B. Red, green, yellow C. Purple, red, green D. Yellow, green, orange. As blue, purple and orange only are used once B apparently must be the right answer.

Options
26. One and only one option should be unequivocally correct. Start with writing this correct option before constructing the distractors.
27. Distractors should be plausible. The more options are included, the more difficult it will be to find plausible distractors. There is evidence for an optimum of not more than two distractors in an MCQ. There is no need to keep the number of options constant in a test, so mixing up true/false with 3- or 4-options etc. within a test is definitely possible.
28. Try to find options that are equivalent. E.g. avoid 4 options with 2 diagnostic proposals and 2 therapeutic ones. Try to describe the options with an equal length. The longest options often are true.
29. Try to mix up options that are mutually exclusive with options that are not (e.g. hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism together with diabetes and hypercortisolism).
30. Avoid constructions with ‘all options above are incorrect’. If this is the right option you really can’t know whether the student is aware of the right answer. With other words: always include a (most) correct answer in a list of option.
31. Avoid constructions with two statements to be validated by a. 1=true, 2=true, b.1=true, 2=not true, c. 1=not true, 2=true, d. 1=not true, 2=not true. This may lead to unwanted errors.
32. Do not ask for concrete numbers like a. 35%, b. 55%, c. 75% etc. Such a figure is nearly always incorrect. Rather use intervals that do not overlap: a. 30-39%, b. 40-49%, c. 50-59%.
33. Order the options in an alphabetical or a logical way (not: a. mesencephalon, b. spinal cord, c. pons, d. medulla oblongata but rather a. mesencephalon, b. pons, c. medulla oblongata, d. spinal cord).

 

Prof Jan Kuks is chair of the EFNS sub-committee on CME and Professor of Neurology at the Department of Clinical Neurology and the Department of Medical Education, at the University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands

 

 

Creating a good questionnaire – tips and tricks for making multiple choice questions was last modified: June 30th, 2014 by Editor
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